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[球類運動] Us Open -美國網球公開賽全面睇

美國網球公開賽(U.S.Open)是每年度第4項也是最後一項網球大滿貫賽事,通常在8月底至9月初舉行,賽事共分為男子單打、女子單打、男子雙打、女子雙打和男女混合雙打五項,並且也有青少年組的比賽。自1978年開始賽事在紐約USTA國家網球中心舉行。目前男、女單打的冠軍都可獲得高達1百萬美元以上的獎金。

美國網球公開賽歷史

美國網球公開賽起初是由二項不同的賽事而來:男子賽事和女子賽事。第一屆的比賽(僅男子比賽)於1881年8月首次於Rhode Island 的Newport Casino 舉辦,賽事名稱為U.S.National Singles Championship,只有屬於美國國家草地網球協會(United States National Lawn Tennis Association)會員的俱樂部能獲准參加比賽。

1900年U.S.National Men's Doubles Championship 首次舉辦。比賽分別在美國東、西部舉行,以角逐出最佳的隊伍(地區冠軍)。而後這些隊伍將參加play-off,獲勝者將可和衛冕冠軍進行比賽。

在男子賽事舉辦了6年之後,第一屆U.S.Women's National Singles Championship 於1887年在Philadelphia Cricket Club 舉行,之後又於1889年舉辦了U.S.Women's National Doubles Championship。首次的U.S.Mixed Doubles Championship 也伴隨著女子單打和雙打而展開。

1968年「開放年代」開始時,上述五項賽事合併成為「美國公開賽」,比賽於紐約市Forest Hills 的West Side Tennis Club 舉行。從1968年開始,這項賽事開放給所有的職業選手參加。當年有96名男子選手和63名女子選手參賽,總獎金為100,000美元。1978年,比賽場地從Forest Hills 移至現今位於Flushing Meadows 的場地(USTA國家網球中心)。
阿瑟·阿什球場
阿瑟·阿什球場

主要球場為有23,000個座位的阿瑟·阿什球場(Arthur Ashe Stadium),以1968年贏得男子單打冠軍的著名非洲裔美國網球選手阿瑟·阿什命名。阿瑟·阿什在1993年死於愛滋病,原因為他在接受心臟手術時因輸血而感染的。2號球場路易斯·阿姆斯壯球場(Louis Armstrong Stadium),在阿瑟·阿什球場落成前為主要球場。所有球場均為硬地球場,這也使得美國公開賽的比賽球速總是非常地快。

美國公開賽有一獨特的地方,就是它是僅有的大滿貫賽事在大部分球場設有照明設備。這意味著電視轉播能夠延伸到晚上的黃金時段以增加收視率。甚至因此女單決賽由星期六下午移至晚上,就是為了能有更好的收視率。

在2005年,美國公開賽和所有的美國公開賽系列賽的球場都採用藍色內場和綠色外場以顯示同一性,並為了更容易看清楚球。這項改變使得球員和觀眾都有了各式各樣的反應。很多球員說,藍色的場地並不能使球看得更清晰。

美國網球公開賽男子單打冠軍
(只列1968年公開賽年代以來冠軍)
亞瑟·阿什68|拉沃69|羅斯威爾70|史密斯71|納斯塔塞72|紐康姆73|康諾斯7476788283|奧蘭特斯75|維拉斯77|馬克安諾79808184|藍道858687|韋蘭德88|貝克89|山普拉斯9093959602|艾德伯格9192|阿格西9499|拉夫特9798|沙芬00|休伊特01|羅迪克03|費德勒04050607

美國網球公開賽女子單打冠軍(1968年以後)
瑪格麗特·考特697073·艾芙特757677788082·娜拉提洛娃83848687·曼德利可娃85·葛拉芙8889939596·莎芭提妮90·莎莉絲9192·桑琪絲94·辛吉斯97·黛文波特98·小威廉絲9902·大威廉絲0001·艾寧0307·庫茲涅佐娃04·克萊斯特絲05·莎拉波娃06

官方網站:http://www.usopen.org/en_US/
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US Open Honors Champions Past in 2008Opening Ceremony

After a humid first day at the US Open with clouds threatening rain all afternoon,fans who purchased tickets to the Open’s night session were treated to a beautiful opening ceremony at dusk at Arthur Ashe Stadium under a clear New York sky.

New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg was a keynote speaker and ushered in this year’s tournament by addressing the crowd.

“On behalf of the city of New York,welcome to the one and only US Open,”Mayor Bloomberg said to rally the crowd.

This year’s Open is a special one as it marks the 40th Anniversary of the tournament and the first tournament of the Open Era.From 1881until 1968,the U.S.National Championship was limited to amateurs.In 1968the modern era of tennis was born when the US Open replaced the U.S.National Championship and opened its doors to all who qualified to compete.

Since 1968,Bloomberg said that the US Open is “the best attended annual sporting event in the world.”

The host of the evening's festivities was Oscar winning actor Forrest Whitaker,who spoke about the history of the tournament and the tumultuous year of 1968.

In 1968,the U.S.became even more embroiled in the Vietnam War,protests and social unrest erupted throughout the country,Martin Luther King Jr.was shot and killed,and the highly politicized summer Olympic games took place in Mexico City.And in 1968Arthur Ashe became the first ever men’s champion and the first ever African American Champion of the U.S.Open,which was held at West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills,New York,for the first time,becoming one of the only bright spots during a difficult year for the country.

In honor of that special moment in tennis history,Whitaker introduced a procession of 25past champions of the tournament including Jeanne Moutoussamy-Ashe and her daughter Camera Ashe as well as Virginia Wade,the first women’s singles US Open champion.

The Champions entered the stadium in chronological order of when they won their titles.Rod Laver,the only man to complete a Grand Slam in the history of tennis followed Wade.Billie Jean King,the winner of the US Open in 1971,1972and 1974,the winner of 39Grand Slams and revolutionary figure for women’s sports entered Arthur Ashe Stadium at the Billie Jean King National Tennis Center to rousing cheers from the crowd.Chris Evert and John McEnroe were also hometown favorites as they took the stage.Martina Navratilova,the winner of 59career slams,was present as was Ivan Lendl,Mats Wilander and Monica Seles.

Champions still in the game –Lindsay Davenport,Marat Safin,Serena and Venus Williams,Svetlana Kuznetsova,Andy Roddick,Maria Sharapova and Roger Federer,the only man to win four consecutive US Open titles –were all introduced to the fans at Arthur Ashe.

The fans were treated to the music of Earth Wind and Fire,who sang God Bless America as members of the U.S.Marine Corps opened a flag that covered the entire center court.Just as the ceremony closed,red,white and blue fireworks erupted atop the stadium.

“Rod Laver,Billie Jean King,John Newcombe –they’re still champions,”Chris Evert told reporters following the moving ceremony.“It’s an elite group of players that have something in common.It was just wonderful.”

Fans stayed on after the ceremony to take in two matches featuring three American players.First,Jelena Jankovic of Serbia versus Coco Vandaweghe,followed by James Blake versus Donald Young.

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